PAD42

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The PAD42 was designed for the investigation of stacked objects like batteries and fuel cells, where the impedance, defined by one common current through the object, but several voltages accessible on several taps must be acquired in parallel. Compared to the usual solution with multiplexers like the PMUX series, the PAD42 has the advantage of real parallel acquisition, saving measurement time and avoiding time lags between the acquisitions of different channels.

PAD42 is a plug-and-play card for an extension slot of the IM7 and IM7x. It allows connecting four different potential sense inputs for parallel impedance measurements.

With eight PAD42 add-on cards up to 32 channels synchronous measurements can be done in parallel to the main channel.

The IM7 can control one PAD42 add-on card with 4 additional parallel sense channels. The IM7x can control up to eight PAD42 add-on cards with up to 32 additional parallel sense channels.

The MIO card is a member of the extension card family available for the Zahner IM7/x potentiostats. It allows for an output of up to four analog signals at 16-bit resolution and an output voltage range of ±10 V. Additionally, the MIO provides f

Up to two MIO add-on cards can be addressed by the Zahner Lab software so that up to 8 analog output, 8 digital input, and 8 digital output channels can be handled.

Caution

Caution

Please read the risk assessment document before operating the potentiostat.

Prevent the inputs of the potentiostat from electrostatic discharge (ESD)! ESD may damage the potentiostat. ESD-related damages are not covered by the warranty of the potentiostat. The user must make sure to discharge his-/herself from any electrical charge before touching the potentiostat (TIP: use grounded ESD-matts).

Maintain the maximum input voltage and compliance voltage of the device and the selected voltage range.

The PAD42 addon cards are not supported by IM6 and ZENNIUM devices.

Do not expose the PAD42 card to heat.

Packing List

  • PAD42 extension card

  • 4 sense cables (Lemosa plug to blue & green twisted cables), 2 m

Installation

If the PAD42 card is purchased together with a basic device, it is already installed in the IM7/x system. Upgrading an IM7/x with PAD42 cards requires calibration together with the IM7 device. To do this, the IM7 device must be sent to Zahner for upgrading.

Note

The PAD42 plug-in card requires an expansion slot with a width of 4TE (corresponds to approx. 20mm). When upgrading, a new, smaller cover panel may be required for the remaining slots. This can be ordered as an accessory.

Example Setups

IM7 Half Cells Configuration

Connection scheme for using 2 channels of PAD42 to measure full cell and both half cells simultaneously. The maximum input voltage of each PAD42 channel is limited to ±5 V. For high ohmic reference electrodes the PAD42-HZ is prefered. The output voltage and current is limited by the electrochemical workstation. For example the IM7 has a maximum compliance voltage of ±28 V.

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IM7 Stack Configuration

Connection scheme for 4 channel PAD42 with a 4 cell battery stack. The maximum input voltage of each PAD42 channel is limited to ±5 V with a compliance voltage range of ±150V. The output voltage and current is limited by the electrochemical workstation. For example the IM7 has a maximum compliance voltage of ±28 V.

../_images/pad42_im7_4cell.png

IM7 Cell Configuration

Connection scheme for 4 channel PAD42 with a 5 cell battery stack. The maximum input voltage of each PAD42 channel is limited to ±5 V with a compliance voltage range of ±150V. The fifth individual cell is measured by the IM7. With potentiostatic control (not recommended for low-resistance objects), control is then only applied to this individual cell. The output voltage and current is limited by the electrochemical workstation. For example the IM7 has a maximum compliance voltage of ±28 V.

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PP212 Cell Configuration

Connection scheme for 4 channel PAD42 with a 5 cell battery stack. The maximum input voltage of each PAD42 channel is limited to ±5 V with a compliance voltage range of ±150V. The fifth individual cell is measured by the PP212 power potentiostat. With potentiostatic control (not recommended for low-resistance objects), control is then only applied to this individual cell. The output voltage and current is limited by the power potentiostat. For example the PP212 has a maximum compliance voltage of ±20 V.

../_images/pad42_im7_pp212_5cell.png

IM7 Segmented Cell Configuration

Connection scheme for 4 channel PAD42 with a 4 segmented battery cell. The maximum input voltage of each PAD42 channel is limited to ±5 V. The measuring resistors (shunt array) are typically of such a magnitude that the maximum voltage drop is only a few millivolts. The individual segment impedances are calculated by the commen cell voltage and the individual segment currents measured by the PAD42. The output voltage and current is limited by the electrochemical workstation.

../_images/pad42_im7_segmented_cell.png

FRA-X Cell Configuration

Connection scheme for 4 channel PAD42 with a multi cell high power battery stack. The maximum input voltage of each PAD42 channel is limited to ±5 V with a compliance voltage range of ±150V. Higher ranges can be achieved with optional measuring cables. The FRA-X controls an external power devices. The stack is measured by the external power device. The output voltage and current is only limited by the external power device. The maximum compliance voltage of the FRA-X Setup and PAD42 is ±1000 V.

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Specifications

Table 25 PAD42-HC Specifications

PAD42-HC (High Compliance Version)

Socket

4x Lemosa EGA.0B.307.CLL

Input Impedance

200 KΩ

Input Range

±5 V (standard configuration)

±25 V, ±37.5 V, ±50 V optional on demand

Input Voltage Accuracy¹

±150 µV ±0.05% of reading

Common Mode Range²

±150 V (standard configuration)

±500 V, ±750 V or ±1000 V optional on demand

Common Mode Rejection Ratio¹

100 dB (60 dB @ 500 kHz)

Frequency Range

10 µHz - 1 MHz

Resolution

24 bit

Input AC Voltage Resolution¹

6.4 nV (Gain 100)

Maximum PAD42 Supported

1 (IM7)

8 (IM7x)

¹ Specified for the standard configuration

² Higher common mode voltages for ±25 V, ±37.5 V or ±50 V input voltage ranges

Table 26 PAD42-HZ Specifications

PAD42-HZ (High Input Impedance Version)

Socket

4x Lemosa EGA.0B.307.CLL

Input Impedance

>100 GΩ

Input Leakage Current

< 30 pA

Input Range

±5 V

Input Voltage Accuracy

±300 µV ±0.1% of reading

Common Mode Range

±10 V

Frequency Range

10 µHz - 1 MHz

Resolution

24 bit

Input AC Voltage Resolution¹

6.4 nV (Gain 100)

Maximum PAD42 Supported

1 (IM7)

8 (IM7x)

PAD42 Input Jack Pinout

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Socket type: LEMO Type B push-pull-connector EPA.0B.307.HLN

Table 27 PAD42 Sense Input Connector

Pin

Signal

Information

1

RE

  • green (reference electrode)

2

n.c.

not connected

3

-5 V

negative power supply (for active probes)

4

+5 V

positive power supply (for active probes)

5

n.c.

not connected

6

WEs

  • blue (working electrode sense)

7

GND

GND power supply (for active probes)

Corresponding plug connector: LEMO Type B push-pull-connector FGA.0B.307.CLAD56